| | | Dr. Safiya Noble's book: Algorithms of Oppression: https://nyupress.org/9781479837243/algorithms-of-oppression/ - Background: Dr. Noble started their career in urban advertising and marketing.
- Adopting digital technology in advertising – working with media buyers to have ads posted in big search engines (Google)
- Most of the things that we experience in marketing start in niche/ethnic environments before they grow out of them
- Broad issue of the political economy of the internet
- The book really became a space to explore politics within internet technologies
- Digitization of hate: white supremacy – the internet being used to encourage hate
- Google is driven by advertising agents – those willing to pay the most will show up in the search results
- Algorithm is driven by money
- What was the goal for this book:
- Understanding the search engine and its pros/cons
- How to make these technologies more transparent
- Taking the census and the racial/ethnic/gender categories (unreliable but major institutions use these data blocks) and using gender/ethnic keywords
- The most notable key word search is what happens when you search "black girls"
- 80% of the results were pornography or hyper-sexualization of black girls
- The same was true for latina girls and asian girls
- Not the same when searching white girls
- Early responses to this research: how dare you say that Google is racist
- 10 years ago, when talking about these technologies and their role in society it was hard to understand the consequences. People thought of these technologies as benign
- Google replacing the Public Health Care system
- Profound consequences:
- 2016 first female presidential candidate
- Jan 6, white supremacists attempting to overthrow the US govt
- Questioning of Science
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